Belgium 2025 euthanasia report: a record number of euthanasia deaths.

Belgian 2025 report: There were 4,486 reported euthanasia deaths up by 12.4% in 2024.

Alex Schadenberg
Executive Director, Euthanasia Prevention Coalition

The European Institute of Bioethics (IEB-EIB) reported that the 2025 Belgian euthanasia report indicated that there were 4,486 reported euthanasia deaths in 2025 representing a 12.4% increase from 2024. According the IEB-EIB (Google translated from French):

On March 20, the Belgian Federal Commission for the Control and Evaluation of Euthanasia (CFCEE) released figures on euthanasia cases reported for 2025. 

The number of officially recorded euthanasia deaths last year reached a new record: 4,486 were reported to the Commission. This represents a 12.4% increase compared to 2024, a 51% increase over three years, and almost a doubling in just five years. 

Euthanasia now accounts for 4% of all deaths registered in Belgium, and this upward trend could intensify, judging by the reasons given on euthanasia registration forms. 

Multiple pathologies, the second most frequently cited condition after cancer, have increased by 67% in two years and now represent nearly a third of all reported euthanasia cases. More specifically, the proportion of euthanasia done on individuals who were not terminally ill due to multiple chronic conditions has literally increased tenfold in five years, rising from 5.9% to 57.3%. 

These percentages, which have been steadily increasing since the decriminalization of this practice in Belgium, raising serious questions: has old age become a sufficient reason to resort to euthanasia? 

Multiple chronic conditions: a vague category akin to the weariness of living.

In its latest biennial report published in 2025, the Control Commission highlighted this continued rise in euthanasia based on the criterion of multiple chronic conditions and explained that:

"this percentage will continue to increase, as multiple chronic conditions are associated with the aging process that patients undergo." 

Indeed, multiple chronic conditions, according to the Commission, refer to "a combination of conditions caused by several chronic illnesses that are progressing towards a terminal stage." In practice, these conditions can include end-stage heart failure, hemiplegia due to a stroke, as well as cognitive impairment, vision or hearing loss, rheumatoid arthritis, or incontinence. 

While some of these conditions are life-threatening, they primarily affect quality of life, which explains why, in 2025, more than half of the euthanasia deaths in this category (57.3%) were done when death was not expected in the short term. Is the fear of dependency becoming sufficient to shorten life? 

To understand what justifies euthanasia based on these conditions, that do not directly threaten life, one must bear in mind the subjective logic followed by the Oversight Commission in its verification of the legality of euthanasia, according to which the patient's perception of suffering is considered authoritative. 

In cases of multiple chronic conditions, the chronic progression of illnesses extends over several years and can cause significant psychological suffering, according to the Commission. Based on the scientific research of Marianne Dees, the Commission reports that:

"feelings of hopelessness, dependence on care, fear of further deterioration, and fear of increased physical suffering are determining factors in requests for euthanasia." 

In this context, it is also understandable that in 86% of all reported cases of euthanasia, both physical and psychological suffering were mentioned simultaneously. This finding underscores the vital need for better support for the elderly and at the end of life in general, so that weariness of living and fear of dependency do not become sufficient reasons to shorten a person's life.

The IEB-EIB refer to reported euthanasia deaths since previous studies indicate that there is a significant number of euthanasia that are simply not reported. Therefore the actual number of euthanasia deaths is likely much higher.

Some recent articles on Belgium's experience with euthanasia.

• Belgian bioethics committee supports eugenic euthanasia (Read). 
• Belgium debates expanding euthanasia to people with dementia (Read). 
• Almost 4000 reported Belgian euthanasia deaths in 2024 (Read). 
• The President of Belgium's largest health insurance fund promotes euthanasia as an answer to healthcare funding. (Read). 
• Belgian doctor completes euthanasia with a pillow (Read).