Legalizing assisted suicide may increase the rate of other suicides

Elder suicide rates continue to rise in the United States.

Alex Schadenberg
Executive Director, Euthanasia Prevention Coalition

Suicide is always a tragedy.

An argument used to legalize assisted suicide is the idea that assisted suicide will prevent some suicide deaths (deaths of despair) but the data indicates that where euthanasia and assisted suicide are legal suicide rates don't decrease or remain steady but in fact increase.

The assisted suicide lobby have published articles justifying the assisted suicide deaths of elderly people and people with disabilities. Does the promotion of assisted suicide lead to a suicide contagion effect among older Americans?

 

According to the National Institute of Mental Health the American suicide rate in 2021 was 14 deaths per 100,000.

It is concerning that in the past few years, the suicide rates have become highest among older Americans. According to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, in 2022, Americans over the age of 85 had the highest suicide rate with 23.02 deaths per 100,000 people which was up from 22.39 in 2021 and those aged 75 to 85 had the second highest suicide rate with 20.26 suicide deaths per 100,000 people which was up from 19.56 in 2021.

More importantly, historically, 2019 was the first year that Americans over the age of 85 had the highest suicide rate. I am convinced that the rapid increase in suicide rates among older Americans is related to the promotion of assisted suicide.

States that are debating assisted suicide need to know that in nearly every jurisdiction, states that have legalized euthanasia or assisted suicide have also experienced higher suicide rates.

The suicide rate in Oregon, where assisted suicide has been legal for more than 20 years, in 2021 was 19.5 suicide deaths per 100,000 people as compared to 14.0 suicide deaths per 100,000 nationally. 

It is important to note that in states that have legalized assisted suicide, such as Oregon that the assisted suicide deaths are not included in the suicide data.

Suicide rates have also increased in the Netherlands where euthanasia has been legal since 2002.

Professor Theo Boer, who is a former euthanasia case reviewer in the Netherlands, published an article titled: Be careful what you wish for when you legalize active killing. Boer explains:

the percentage of euthanasia of the total mortality went from 1.6% in 2007 to 4.2% in 2019, the suicide numbers went also up: from 8.3 suicides per 100,000 inhabitants in 2007 to 10.5 in 2019, a 15% rise. If we would include the deaths through assisted suicide in patients considered to be at risk of committing suicide (psychiatric patients, people with chronic illnesses, dementia patients, elderly and lonely people), the total increase in self chosen deaths over the past decade would be closer to 50% than to 15%. Meanwhile in Germany, very similar to the Netherlands in terms of religion, economy and population, the suicide rates went down by 10%.

The difficulty with suicide data is that there are many factors that affect suicide rates. Nonetheless, several studies have indicated that legalizing assisted suicide is associated with a suicide contagion effect.

Considering the fact that elder Americans now have the highest suicide rates. It is likely that the promotion of assisted suicide for elderly people and people with disabilities has affected the suicide rate among those groups.

What is most concerning is the silence concerning the increase in the elder suicide rate. Suicide is always a tragedy.

More articles on this topic:

• Suicide deaths increasing in America. Elderly Americans now have the highest suicide rate (Link).
• US suicide rates are now highest among the elderly (Link).
• Suicide contagion (Link).
• Legalizing assisted dying can actually increase suicides (Link).